Ellipsis (Htet Zaw Htoo)

Ellipsis 

Ellipsis ဆိုတာ "ဝါက်ရဲ႕ အဓိပၸါယ္မပ်က္ေစဘဲ (မထိခိုက္ေစဘဲ) ဝါက်တြင္း စာလံုးခ်န္ျခင္း၊ ျမႇဳပ္ေရးျခင္း" ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဥပမာ-

He's leaving but I'm not leaving ကို He's leaving but I'm not. လို႔ ေရးလို႔ရပါတယ္။

အခုဆက္ၿပီး ဘယ္အခ်ိန္မွာ စကားလံုးေတြကို ခ်န္ခဲ့ႏိုင္လဲဆိုတာကို ေက်ာင္းတုန္းက Straightforward C1 မွာ သင္ခဲ့ရတာေလး ျပန္ေရးပါရေစဗ်ာ။

✏ Words are often omitted after 'and' and 'but'. 
      'and' နဲ႔ 'but' ရဲ႕ေနာက္က စကားလံုးေတြကို ခ်န္ခဲ့လို႔ (ျမႇဳပ္ေရးလို႔) ရပါတယ္။

e.g
He's made friends with some of the older boys and (the older) girls in the school. 

✏ The main verb (and its object) can be omitted after an auxiliary verb. 
      Auxiallry verb ရဲ႕ေနာက္က main verb နဲ႔သူရဲ႕ Object ကိုလည္း ခ်န္ေရးလို႔ရပါတယ္။

e.g
I've seen the film "Mudra Calling" but he hasn't. (seen the film)

She wanted to come with us but she couldn't.

👉 'Be' and 'Been' cannot be omitted after a modal verb. 
      Modal auxiliary ေတြရဲ႕ေနာက္က be တို႔ been တို႔ကိုေတာ့ ခ်န္ေရးလို႔ မရပါဘူး။

e.g
"Is it time for dinner?" It must be ― I'm starving. 

"Was Paul there?" "He might have been."

✏ Adverbs can be placed before an auxiliary verb if the main verb has been omitted.
      ဝါက်ရဲ႕ main verb ကို ခ်န္ေရးတဲ့အခါမွာ adverb ေတြကို auxiliary verb ရဲ႕ေ႐ွ႕မွာ ထားေရးလို႔ရပါတယ္။

e.g
I'll almost certainly go and Tom probably will too. 

✏ When there is no auxiliary verb, 'do', 'does' and 'did' are added to avoid repeating the main verb. 
ဝါက်ထဲမွာ auxiliary verb မပါတဲ့အခါ main verb ကို ထပ္မေရးခ်င္ရင္ do, does, did အစား ေရးလို႔ရပါတယ္။

e.g
I enjoyed the film and I think Peter did, too. 

✏ 'To' can be used instead of a full infinitive clause. 
       Infinitive clause တစ္ခုလံုးရဲ႕ေနရာမွာလည္း To ကို အစားသံုးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ (ဒါက Cambridge University Press ျဖစ္တဲ့ Advanced Grammar in Use ရဲ႕ Unit-65 မွာ အေသးစိတ္ေရးထားတယ္၊ ေလ့လာၿပီး ျပန္႐ွယ္ေပးပါဦးမယ္)

ကေလးေတြကို passage ေတြ႐ွင္းျပတဲ့အခါ၊ စာေၾကာင္းေတြေရးတဲ့အခါ ထပ္ခါထပ္ခါေျပာျဖစ္ေနလို႔ သိထားသေလာက္ ႐ွယ္ေပးတာပါ။

Thanks,
HZH

Ref:

Macmillan press ― Straightforward C1

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, Fifth Edition (LDOCE5) © Pearson Education Limited 2009